Simulate Responses from a Multivariate Linear Model
simulate.mlm.RdSimulate one or more sets of responses from a Multivariate Linear Model (mlm) object.
Usage
# S3 method for mlm
simulate(object, nsim = 1, seed = NULL, ...)Arguments
- object
a
mlmobject, typically the result of callinglmwhere the response is a matrix.- nsim
number of replicate datasets to simulate. If
nsimis greater than 1, the output is arranged in a 3D array.- seed
an object specifying if and how the random number generator should be initialized (‘seeded’). Either NULL or an integer that will be used in a call to set.seed before simulating the response vectors. If set, the value is saved as the "seed" attribute of the returned value. The default, NULL will not change the random generator state, and return .Random.seed as the "seed" attribute, see ‘Value’
- ...
additional optional arguments.
Details
A simulate function for mlm objects, which simulates one or more
sets of responses from a Multivariate Linear Model (mlm) object.
If multiple sets of responses are requested, they are returned in a 3D array,
with simulation number along the third dimension.
The weights argument is currently ignored -- a constant
variance-covariance matrix assumed for mlm.
Examples
# fit a mlm to iris data:
data(iris)
iris.mlm=lm(cbind(Sepal.Length,Sepal.Width,Petal.Length,Petal.Width)~Species,data=iris)
# simulate new responses:
simulate(iris.mlm)
#> Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width
#> 1 4.200978 2.825801 1.39654723 0.24972630
#> 2 4.318562 3.329894 0.55164717 -0.21515575
#> 3 5.254231 3.342421 1.92664855 0.13956214
#> 4 5.151684 3.796836 1.93569845 0.27291349
#> 5 5.684409 3.652141 1.65650601 -0.01001265
#> 6 4.395321 3.733580 1.12744259 0.47708597
#> 7 5.292739 3.799997 1.60536750 0.20466059
#> 8 4.871967 2.899367 1.38114076 0.13185737
#> 9 4.069070 3.312135 0.64972774 0.28445416
#> 10 5.120769 3.265031 2.12782054 0.40315003
#> 11 5.330841 3.580128 1.49985877 0.12988763
#> 12 5.177083 3.348545 1.45113047 0.06459168
#> 13 4.534609 3.092727 1.11303165 0.18218810
#> 14 5.102923 2.959697 1.02322860 0.02505378
#> 15 4.718782 2.919131 1.39063341 0.27385550
#> 16 5.381146 3.450103 1.39278148 0.32428560
#> 17 5.479397 3.750609 1.46704446 0.09967066
#> 18 5.372375 3.370330 1.42191789 0.12612435
#> 19 5.511614 3.438025 1.61361386 0.32239343
#> 20 4.116455 3.506816 1.35512711 0.21195580
#> 21 5.481359 3.149424 1.63130883 0.15972582
#> 22 5.189062 3.634384 1.16130518 0.28275605
#> 23 5.337538 3.156004 1.32658709 0.26517995
#> 24 5.187569 3.908086 1.65475241 0.38743281
#> 25 5.468330 3.580206 1.51620296 0.08262696
#> 26 5.657252 3.832517 2.14679065 0.28630975
#> 27 5.454075 3.607925 1.53473719 0.15563142
#> 28 4.691469 3.187503 1.29080489 0.08845448
#> 29 5.757686 3.481600 2.15656965 0.45261661
#> 30 3.748291 2.732238 0.03106476 -0.00192140
#> 31 4.524957 2.947170 1.72126368 0.11654952
#> 32 4.993370 3.446627 1.60979786 0.49172608
#> 33 5.589128 4.374694 1.92220404 0.52627870
#> 34 4.805306 3.141613 1.37619382 0.19821375
#> 35 4.369410 3.059210 0.78113190 -0.11233389
#> 36 5.420600 3.840031 1.49620323 0.27249807
#> 37 5.057003 3.399689 1.94689036 0.32590815
#> 38 6.070911 3.560182 2.49515102 0.35188214
#> 39 4.099611 2.903688 0.92726848 -0.02125550
#> 40 4.155101 2.916433 0.92337749 0.21030629
#> 41 4.776597 3.610434 1.33003909 0.52290947
#> 42 6.269068 3.657671 1.70859781 0.18616687
#> 43 5.075855 3.603221 1.00825932 0.16871696
#> 44 4.175744 3.087367 1.05323519 0.00448581
#> 45 5.331882 3.698521 1.93788203 0.54763104
#> 46 5.234957 3.551521 1.89731820 0.24308328
#> 47 4.784011 3.497571 1.09922231 0.41383138
#> 48 4.644260 3.131348 1.11997240 0.10067307
#> 49 5.208339 3.776496 1.51508267 0.19229795
#> 50 5.058882 3.895116 1.23385397 0.17812715
#> 51 5.888575 2.741548 4.51030271 1.46710507
#> 52 5.157908 2.915565 3.62074831 1.32600173
#> 53 5.510412 2.832324 3.89756530 1.28695552
#> 54 6.889023 3.244702 4.48671180 1.29458596
#> 55 6.223730 3.216808 4.09585254 1.32071499
#> 56 4.945582 2.648886 4.35506344 1.38315941
#> 57 5.862038 2.825527 4.25906634 1.40888464
#> 58 5.836171 2.616747 4.48362509 1.00668985
#> 59 6.005799 2.862617 4.12858800 1.19343146
#> 60 6.008198 2.625672 4.41345098 1.49755684
#> 61 6.397126 2.913171 3.97496167 1.19158122
#> 62 6.458854 3.330773 4.45104757 1.40526369
#> 63 5.638839 2.377427 4.68614951 1.29898775
#> 64 6.461039 2.836803 4.31707407 1.37683395
#> 65 5.570467 2.661451 3.71641382 1.20921125
#> 66 5.903847 2.458873 4.17330718 1.10593412
#> 67 6.133798 3.223465 4.30762761 1.50840333
#> 68 6.693772 2.775698 5.19786378 1.56301913
#> 69 5.678777 2.290029 3.84846467 0.94094348
#> 70 5.981038 3.350287 3.76508183 1.35099290
#> 71 5.127382 2.579653 4.06910868 1.38872350
#> 72 5.829341 2.900984 4.41336330 1.60208906
#> 73 6.550752 3.308670 4.88071681 1.40360426
#> 74 6.306020 2.937496 4.63926974 1.42896111
#> 75 5.428768 2.960488 4.19512013 1.42947991
#> 76 5.583977 2.308025 3.63783498 1.29339551
#> 77 5.769178 2.542574 4.15342206 1.29378662
#> 78 5.436676 2.879526 3.93128351 1.10809954
#> 79 5.517751 2.002300 3.67113774 0.99858724
#> 80 5.846115 1.870301 4.50527638 1.15240025
#> 81 6.160182 3.062861 4.59945323 1.45666668
#> 82 6.188599 2.816063 4.32571447 1.01942451
#> 83 6.927651 2.751601 4.83776050 1.26474315
#> 84 6.578900 3.356976 4.48122020 1.45530214
#> 85 5.901538 2.664915 3.85721813 1.12767880
#> 86 6.343354 3.486992 4.13931872 1.22566719
#> 87 5.158934 2.304629 4.06493495 1.48948267
#> 88 6.155114 2.947692 4.60166119 1.37079810
#> 89 5.877358 2.549802 4.12612682 1.30902947
#> 90 6.208156 2.914024 4.46405046 1.61043407
#> 91 5.731889 3.089871 4.05771509 1.41757849
#> 92 5.785944 2.470860 4.10826241 1.34356767
#> 93 6.277305 2.239251 4.48031399 0.97822668
#> 94 5.329332 2.695397 4.21400072 1.45954137
#> 95 5.490871 2.408655 4.08282241 1.16138024
#> 96 6.130336 3.186481 4.20612236 1.47632227
#> 97 6.570670 2.581203 4.33043202 1.23917103
#> 98 6.493433 2.853993 4.90840254 1.35498107
#> 99 5.499063 2.432872 4.08103066 1.45904832
#> 100 5.737791 2.523484 4.43517421 1.05846908
#> 101 6.170510 2.438281 5.72318985 1.96181642
#> 102 7.559341 3.261659 6.25307976 2.22593852
#> 103 5.602563 2.519204 4.79105087 1.99283041
#> 104 6.793641 2.868664 5.71492483 1.94889950
#> 105 6.817845 3.167786 5.80026353 2.01929626
#> 106 6.148711 3.111413 5.36894328 2.25657762
#> 107 7.000574 2.831003 6.28392291 2.09265570
#> 108 5.737640 2.927709 5.29954310 2.16004725
#> 109 5.905507 2.642863 4.76948601 1.65699227
#> 110 6.719933 3.325212 5.67722284 2.04188529
#> 111 6.381337 2.943559 6.31726367 2.00935825
#> 112 6.670436 3.311127 5.56800204 2.14794538
#> 113 6.393279 2.722976 5.80626699 1.93592546
#> 114 7.224158 2.909177 5.51818041 1.84001682
#> 115 7.006358 3.380429 5.40786608 1.67411915
#> 116 5.724481 3.063453 5.35179271 2.05456893
#> 117 6.464930 2.543877 5.28019591 1.66596215
#> 118 6.585043 3.053046 5.36951422 1.67827731
#> 119 6.617169 2.696539 5.46787534 2.17210765
#> 120 7.577495 3.452656 6.22914597 2.33136393
#> 121 5.736586 2.535274 5.61763134 2.12691785
#> 122 6.842067 3.286865 5.81180600 2.08340625
#> 123 6.624108 3.246115 5.22852724 1.77047034
#> 124 5.251712 2.542523 4.55011959 1.67185744
#> 125 6.045971 2.821633 5.38661058 2.05200170
#> 126 6.760700 2.564690 5.72696913 1.93560420
#> 127 6.774125 3.007770 5.64261835 2.03382768
#> 128 6.947480 3.456937 5.40871058 1.88968597
#> 129 6.086330 2.632093 4.87746580 1.58873888
#> 130 6.122349 2.785627 5.13676877 1.81664256
#> 131 6.309947 2.673486 5.45723879 1.83560642
#> 132 6.762739 2.770839 5.58241429 1.74705510
#> 133 6.652610 2.647762 6.11001382 2.13361299
#> 134 5.948742 2.516633 5.33277058 2.16418115
#> 135 6.233129 2.686854 5.71388528 2.25352258
#> 136 6.774710 3.413097 5.77703327 2.24487898
#> 137 7.689391 3.395205 6.39795822 2.50450067
#> 138 6.629541 2.990771 5.48793394 2.07009894
#> 139 6.580580 2.670852 5.86346312 2.07942445
#> 140 6.281282 2.415028 5.23390393 1.76034377
#> 141 6.906161 2.966723 6.28265271 2.26270725
#> 142 6.575812 2.748573 5.58388747 2.11177876
#> 143 6.164891 2.854123 5.28275524 1.98669015
#> 144 7.814234 3.757725 5.89751371 2.18528802
#> 145 6.770769 2.967283 5.65783213 2.21855981
#> 146 6.826235 2.783189 5.72632797 1.81549031
#> 147 6.054140 2.563505 5.48236955 2.07980576
#> 148 6.407925 2.848938 5.28950155 1.91076111
#> 149 6.077798 2.436157 5.28193894 2.12977076
#> 150 7.126842 2.669864 6.14942295 1.86534143
#> attr(,"seed")
#> [1] 10403 30 -1468252688 1857059959 -1958502717 -1241505050
#> [7] -1748131059 1298074777 -522308475 -1128108087 1670336994 -398414487
#> [13] 944470253 2039619258 893154523 -245923846 -653589308 -1284500889
#> [19] -1554204129 1540985095 322801081 -2057992450 -754108434 -695468052
#> [25] 34315742 -89962947 -1344233196 135222390 583505768 499964670
#> [31] 1304086270 -150129211 1107333043 -1686926405 -419149541 426711857
#> [37] -1023055620 -349850212 -2127089142 2041885984 -1115571200 -909717822
#> [43] 869673997 969619254 -1809339400 669915365 1504627545 1002577835
#> [49] -1733870903 547219677 -1219200944 -1683528752 634133668 -1666269438
#> [55] -2070172959 -434315218 -447416448 -1929319557 773614468 1155891062
#> [61] 476991732 -1871181774 -1505412191 -1400669513 1762478946 -977750151
#> [67] -2065522220 -1201125852 -1464432409 654512469 863597464 1512905636
#> [73] 1135580520 -128129795 1056068711 -1631531899 -1255009338 647685601
#> [79] 46763593 -591257232 -5217954 -779159538 313910819 -1075551494
#> [85] -449884798 -309951676 -760672105 1528941304 265135426 1732998611
#> [91] -409465844 -1855056783 1785930446 2138218078 217142379 -1288241167
#> [97] -1801726798 -390722272 724264071 -654578753 -2126228877 775198367
#> [103] 1025451618 -1679103725 482548295 476442969 -682884406 -894007572
#> [109] 2090659354 2134232689 -399271830 -910721800 169514656 1577073725
#> [115] -588690595 -1560241421 489030233 1446902965 2043857341 1606701229
#> [121] -226326892 2092456103 -202343160 333802569 -806902847 18977304
#> [127] 1534124209 1525478765 215315583 -1905028537 298408997 965627869
#> [133] 1183370752 -1656853887 1062437432 1301521616 1373664256 173393582
#> [139] 1894560111 1110920976 -1372403286 -144068993 -1888025008 1821999710
#> [145] -1337082094 162021649 -1213028596 -1414717415 -825266544 1156129295
#> [151] 1689599401 459384318 802620753 -225350419 572325267 312003573
#> [157] -433781420 -448344015 -1443996650 450223902 2140766335 1126158026
#> [163] 1663441128 -2061072907 -1971793845 -1622670158 249017058 12685665
#> [169] 250378141 1234659719 -1215944518 180382662 168158964 53467640
#> [175] 176420157 459000044 -1382253533 848047273 1448651746 811016567
#> [181] 21214108 -799605568 461184215 1021280383 951803259 -1960286733
#> [187] 1350792426 439801758 -1235984320 554426045 277386530 -1670552933
#> [193] 854965626 137721739 -678531143 1496351243 -503823232 -966869089
#> [199] 1643724826 352630622 -1632950609 -88000184 154354495 1188172599
#> [205] 732960122 -1814007950 -275117108 -1326591946 546674086 1725969605
#> [211] 1266347109 -510020000 -1620994198 -768582738 -86407759 -1752107607
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#> [223] -715562866 -1188496765 -150236858 177154943 1403815865 -1327000545
#> [229] 2024217491 635588853 -1033918029 2068705410 -533019402 -2145543279
#> [235] -1874811030 -1604760764 381242244 666094464 1966339432 -907039334
#> [241] -1549026974 -57048 705570169 1670133020 -1944563867 -1192620921
#> [247] 1174097474 -252700033 -734157346 -1823059394 -1589586568 -333412077
#> [253] -1794214168 1172319011 -172325135 206768049 189914062 550960722
#> [259] -1741239737 1781184838 1903433368 -1673420322 -2000879536 -713062451
#> [265] 2054398692 -569480048 -212285237 676876797 2071526397 -51598963
#> [271] 895409137 317840701 -113006094 -1393388563 1980236091 -326104809
#> [277] 1140069307 -1929642044 -2137681475 225888433 -659787528 -1189335260
#> [283] -478511751 2064156481 -1101162599 -2114406862 -1736728851 -1101734365
#> [289] -667427864 952140852 1486651119 -1415930367 -140675447 1333179448
#> [295] -1226641607 1819353301 1975378996 -965921382 -1241134129 -43283729
#> [301] -392027820 624978752 -2066435379 -859609154 -866336642 382239781
#> [307] 677365699 -2038408346 1418079110 -1318257394 551951458 -1989985512
#> [313] 1491866775 1395781575 -319956264 1834625187 348796238 -871557990
#> [319] 655194596 -693103950 -1986789639 1843262890 -1797162627 345186838
#> [325] -1996651483 -586971209 -368721027 -1433759398 1136154534 1390839228
#> [331] 394339830 651596370 1311146953 1776491658 954315023 -749845938
#> [337] -931485652 558289287 1188565774 837545477 -1988787000 -751723977
#> [343] 673522616 1938881874 -480183930 1468488952 79202616 481038015
#> [349] -595169325 -293001965 1194349556 -1421667856 313704099 315342300
#> [355] -827110496 -1626162362 1333561189 -1415970660 877215498 1408412431
#> [361] 1092899791 -262843277 -357803824 -2113573336 -1776958402 -678868439
#> [367] 17544013 -1414947037 -1124245538 -1053937393 886419697 -1385486802
#> [373] 472897801 -1297037737 1998977212 -1876805825 -37784667 -1023744346
#> [379] 1904944874 1571585845 -1168601362 599833402 2038868951 372999419
#> [385] -172945948 395995041 -1254519736 1399596844 174648881 -1433696948
#> [391] 1944069311 -1522314512 -1065919756 899005832 260023115 -546652385
#> [397] 1550892266 647946156 147556696 1237044241 -1301550477 654009853
#> [403] -1748902826 -850363058 -193394884 -1004677390 1001914355 1765916711
#> [409] -1036837385 -2090027385 1560950754 1580086644 -1216728711 373508474
#> [415] 1798316602 2054819250 -1049763554 -456586389 -1772613483 1259377175
#> [421] -1139925545 559675645 630283524 -2085603755 1678720300 -1165794384
#> [427] -1311534297 2026290614 -1351498634 -1814040972 -1805289120 -1923180184
#> [433] 187084078 -1150111522 -1699163710 867332072 13086645 1363385666
#> [439] 415772348 1221983085 -149280741 -1797045976 -83616369 169324616
#> [445] -1031032488 918814459 625524287 -693550959 -779947230 -460292246
#> [451] -104538789 -1770031701 1762818166 -1344570345 1585708005 -2070001950
#> [457] 1602474991 1191516870 1325325724 1886693149 1270752358 2041361644
#> [463] -561487394 166281667 1330357896 1919459548 1995289182 1891806110
#> [469] -1961941306 -574706773 -1424490846 -883213102 1649981723 913252804
#> [475] 332271450 631530059 1642201445 552464073 3487912 1931590989
#> [481] 821355293 992022568 120650764 1939018662 -1388120216 -779212692
#> [487] 904851286 -631361828 -1350494972 -62282283 1049579713 215308288
#> [493] 2040995736 -1394496792 1927716242 -1613077540 1776793899 -1565489921
#> [499] 1314523911 -1568620229 -691961623 1107767402 -1015765595 -372076736
#> [505] 1000947905 265733373 1380121045 -738596860 -1950742036 816987224
#> [511] 716498000 699295552 -2030668781 921633643 -1581955396 -974757188
#> [517] -1282929069 1936875566 -1612370921 2138496160 883896403 -1851193139
#> [523] -27409771 1895585703 1006992140 -326154186 515966776 2133369170
#> [529] -1488935758 -2040630930 692086962 -776300506 -610529059 -1081350387
#> [535] 2142032816 1327289627 1199752580 1226428466 1517100486 1547364926
#> [541] 2071867131 -376454572 -348617133 -211357651 1424404545 788101647
#> [547] 212419341 324351010 -1173746076 -2033538116 -120968066 1341175245
#> [553] -516698549 -1438312160 -718511204 -620049088 -386137216 1827909352
#> [559] -318671427 346438949 -357591836 1892281209 72841714 50765530
#> [565] -1425294091 677563172 1914280582 1451399635 -450496539 -1124162123
#> [571] 2098734964 -735098453 715305932 517306416 -96342192 311769076
#> [577] 584015109 614623819 513670558 -2127736893 2118330253 2130451102
#> [583] -998801589 -1535998872 146825565 -1601165398 1290979351 -1981195231
#> [589] -993563899 717784789 -1575862468 1856866498 1825385021 -110349599
#> [595] 1595467916 -2125558290 22707222 -1005242373 290470055 -893524482
#> [601] -803125308 -1255965703 -197109890 -1095764475 621343362 1298850276
#> [607] -17062252 756947593 -711119586 14486898 1428866940 -1804327601
#> [613] -513989650 -232105102 2092280956 -1443112203 -1649618438 -321473689
#> [619] -761343003 1872349909 1973733616 -1458548324 1443569093 1511953803
#> [625] 1431375706 1559599008